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S A F E P A C K
===============
The SAFE Disk Defragmenter
User Manual
CONTENTS
========
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Why May Your Disk Need to be Defragmented? . . . . . . . . . 2
Why Safety is Important in a Defragmenter . . . . . . . . . . 3
Requirements & Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Usage Procedure for SAFEPACK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Swap Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
SAFEPACK Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Sorting Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Individual File vs Sub-directory Based Sorting . . . . . 8
Sorting Optimizations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Directory Sorting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Immobile Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Running from the Command Line Only . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Miscellaneous Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Registration & Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Payment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Disclaimer - Agreement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
_______
____|__ | (R)
--| | |-------------------
| ____|__ | Association of
| | |_| Shareware
|__| o | Professionals
-----| | |---------------------
|___|___| MEMBER
D J Harvey
Copyright (C) 1992 D.J.Harvey. All Rights Reserved.
--- SAFEPACK Manual --- Page 1 ---
Introduction
============
SAFEPACK reorganizes the files on a disk, moving them around as
necessary to ensure that each file occupies a single, contiguous
block of disk space, improving the effective performance of the
drive. Apart from this improvement in speed, many users will
benefit from the collection together of all the free space on the
disk, allowing the creation of large, contiguous special files.
An example of this is a Windows 3 permanent swap file, and the
Windows manual suggests that a disk defragmenter be run before
creating a permanent swap file. No such program is supplied,
however, and SAFEPACK is designed to fill this gap. For the user
who wishes to fine-tune the organization of the disk, a large
number of options are provided to control the final arrangement of
the files.
As its name implies, SAFEPACK has been designed with data security
as the most important principle, and it manipulates the disk file
structures such that they are all valid at all times. This means
that no loss of data should occur if the program is interrupted
while running, whether this be due to user break-in, machine
malfunction, or even power failure.
SAFEPACK is distributed as 'Shareware', which means that though
you are free to evaluate and distribute the program, anyone
intending to make continued use of it must register with the
author, and pay the appropriate fee, which for a single user is
nine pounds Sterling. Credit/charge cards are accepted, removing
the need for currency conversions. Full registration details are
given below, and in the file REGISTER.DOC.
Why May Your Disk Need to be Defragmented?
==========================================
If you are fully conversant with the problem of disk
fragmentation, and know exactly why your disk needs to be
defragmented, you can skip this section, and go to the following
section on safety.
In order to understand why a program such as this is required, it
is necessary to understand just a little about how DOS actually
stores files on a disk. Although users generally refer to files
simply by their path & filename, DOS must allocate space for each
file on the disk, and be able to keep track of where each file is.
Is does this by dividing the disk into a number of 'Allocation
Units' or 'Clusters', normally of 512, 1024, 2048 or 4096 bytes,
and when a file is written, DOS allocates as many unused clusters
as are necessary to accommodate it. Where possible, DOS uses
consecutive clusters, as this improves the speed of both reading
and writing, but this is not always possible, especially after a
--- SAFEPACK Manual --- Page 2 ---
disk has been in use for some time, as the unused clusters may be
scattered around the disk in locations previously occupied by
files which have since been deleted.
An example may make this clearer:
Suppose a very small disk with 18 clusters has 6 files, named F1-
F6 on it, and that they are located as in the following map:
Cluster: |1 2 |3 4 5 |6 7 |8 9 10 11 12|13 14|15 16|17 18
File: | F1 | F2 | F3 | F4 | F5 | F6 | FREE
If files F1, F3 & F5 are now deleted, the map becomes:
Cluster: |1 2 |3 4 5 |6 7 |8 9 10 11 12|13 14|15 16|17 18
File: |FREE | F2 |FREE | F4 |FREE | F6 | FREE
There are now 8 free allocation units, and if a file requiring 7
units called F7 were to be written to this disk, it would have to
be put into the free space, which is spread over the disk, making
the new map:
Cluster: |1 2 |3 4 5 |6 7 |8 9 10 11 12|13 14|15 16|17|18
File: | F7 | F2 | F7 | F4 | F7 | F6 |F7|FREE
File F7 is now said to be fragmented, making access to it
significantly slower than if it were in one contiguous section.
Over time, similar fragmentation occurs to many of the files on a
disk, reducing the effective performance of the drive. This
process happens slowly, however, so the gradual degradation in
drive performance is likely to go un-noticed for a long time.
SAFEPACK reorganizes the files on the disk, amalgamating the
scattered parts of each file, restoring the disk to its original
speed.
Why Safety is Important in a Defragmenter
=========================================
As described above, SAFEPACK moves most of your data from one part
of your disk to another, and this takes quite a long time
(typically 2-30 mins depending on machine, disk size etc). During
such an interval there is clearly the possibility of a failure of
either the power supply or of the machine, and it is important to
consider what would happen to the valuable data on the disk if
this were to happen. Some commercial defragmenters can wreck the
file structure of a disk if they are interrupted, but SAFEPACK has
been designed, as its name implies, to be tolerant of
interruptions, and should leave your disk in a fully usable
condition, even if switched off in the middle. SAFEPACK achieves
this by ensuring that the file structures are valid at all times
during the run, and though this may slow the program down
--- SAFEPACK Manual --- Page 3 ---
slightly, what is an extra few minutes running time, compared with
having to reload your hard disk from scratch?
That said, however, Murphy's law of computers dictates that
something unforeseen will always happen somewhere at some time,
and despite my belief in the safety of this program, I would not
recommend that anyone defragments their hard disk with ANY
defragmenter, without first taking a full backup. Backups should
be taken occasionally anyway, and as there is rarely any great
urgency to defragment a disk, it would make sense to run SAFEPACK
immediately after the backup. Further aspects of data security
are mentioned in the detailed usage instructions below.
Requirements & Limitations
==========================
SAFEPACK requires and supports all versions of MS DOS between 2.0
and 5.0, and all DR DOS up to 6.0. There is no fixed memory
requirement other than the size of the program itself, but
SAFEPACK uses as much conventional memory as possible, and the
number of files it can handle is proportional to the amount of
memory available. Given the normal space of about 550k, SAFEPACK
can keep track of about 5000 files. If it does run out of memory
it will terminate, but in doing so will leave the disk data
intact.
It should be possible to defragment any true DOS disk, whether
floppy or hard (including partitions), and even RAMdisks or non-
standard media such as 8" floppies, but the following types of
disk MUST NOT be packed:
a) Network drives
If it is required to pack a DOS network drive, this should be done
locally, with the network disabled.
b) Substituted drives
These are virtual drives, which are in fact sub-directories of
another drive.
c) Drives with proprietary compression methods
Examples of this are Stacker or Superstor, and although
compression of such disks would normally be safe, it would not be
of any benefit, and will not be performed by SAFEPACK.
--- SAFEPACK Manual --- Page 4 ---
Usage Procedure for SAFEPACK
============================
Although it should be possible to run SAFEPACK safely at any time,
the following procedure is recommended for maximum data security.
1) Run CHKDSK to ensure that there are no internal errors in the
File Allocation Table (FAT) for the drive to be defragmented.
The format of this DOS command is:
CHKDSK drive:
If all is reported as being well, go on the next stage, but
if errors are found, they must be corrected before running
SAFEPACK. Note that many common errors can easily be
corrected by running CHKDSK with the /F (for Fix) switch.
2) The AUTOEXEC.BAT & CONFIG.SYS files, which normally contain
device drivers and other resident programs should be
disabled, either by temporarily renaming them and then
rebooting, or by booting from a floppy drive.
Although not always necessary, this step ensures that there
are no background programs, or TSRs, which could try to
access the disk during defragmentation, as this could lead to
data corruption. The absence of TSRs will also, normally,
increase the memory available to SAFEPACK. If you have a disk
greater than 32 Mbytes, you may receive a warning about
loading SHARE for large media - this can be ignored for
running SAFEPACK. Experienced users may wish make temporary
modifications to their startup files by placing REM at the
start of any offending lines.
3) Run SAFEPACK as a command from the DOS command-line. It must
NOT be run from within Windows, or any other multi-tasking
environment.
The format of the command is
SAFEPACK drive: [options]
where drive is the drive letter of the disk to be
defragmented, and options are as described below.
Default options exist, which are designed to be suitable for
the majority of users, including those maximizing their free
space prior to making a Windows swap file. The following
example command line would therefore be appropriate for
defragmenting drive C:
SAFEPACK C:
--- SAFEPACK Manual --- Page 5 ---
Before SAFEPACK commences, a screen will appear, showing the
drive and options selected, and you are asked to confirm that
these are correct before defragmentation starts. This stage
may be by-passed by use of the /Y- option if you wish to run
SAFEPACK unattended in a batch file.
While SAFEPACK is running, it will give an indication of its
progress, but this is intended as a guide only, and is far
from linear, so do not become alarmed if it appears not to
change for several minutes. After two minutes, SAFEPACK
replaces its normal display by a simplified version, which
moves around the display area. This is in order to prevent
damage to your screen during a prolonged run, and the normal
screen may be restored at any time by pressing N.
The program may be interrupted at any time by pressing Ctrl-C
or Ctrl-Break. If this is done, a message will appear
acknowledging the break, but the program will tidy-up the
disk before terminating a few seconds later.
4) After running SAFEPACK, confirm that the disk's file
structure remains correct by running CHKDSK again.
Note that some disk caches can become confused after running a
defragmenter, as not all respond properly to SAFEPACK's request to
reset the disk. Therefore, if CHKDSK or a directory listing
indicate a problem, it can probably be cured by rebooting the
computer, but if this fails, then the file RECOVER.DOC should be
consulted for advice.
Swap Files
----------
SAFEPACK will automatically leave the swap files created by
Windows 3 or similar programs alone, and if you do not intend to
change the size of any such files, their presence may be ignored.
If, however, one of the objects of defragmenting your disk is to
increase the size of a swap file, then it should be deleted before
running SAFEPACK, and re-created (with its new size) afterwards.
SAFEPACK Options
================
The command line options available are described in detail below,
but a quick on-screen summary may be obtained by running SAFEPACK
with the /H switch. Most options may be entered on their own to
activate them, or followed by - to suppress, the default varying
from one option to another according to likely usage. For example:
/D would activate directory sorting (default)
/D- would suppress directory sorting.
--- SAFEPACK Manual --- Page 6 ---
Sorting Options
---------------
Subject to the various restrictions/modifications on sorting
described below, there are five basic methods used determine the
final order of the files on the disk. By default, the files are
sorted alphabetically, but the method used may be selected by use
of the following switches:
/N : Name sorting;
This is the default if no other sorting criterion is specified.
Files are sorted alphabetically by filename and extension,
regarded as a single 11 character string.
/E : Extension sorting
Files are sorted in alphabetical order of extension only.
/L : Length Sorting
Files are sorted by length, with the longest being placed first.
This is quite a useful option, as it can help to reduce future
fragmentation. Sub-directories, which do not have a length, are
placed before the files.
/A : Age Sorting
Files are sorted by their ages, the oldest being placed first.
Again, this can help to reduce future fragmentation, as it is
generally newer files that are more likely to be deleted, thereby
creating free space at the end of the disk rather than at the
start.
/C : Current position Sorting
Files are sorted such that the order in which their first cluster
appears on the disk is as it was before the pack. This could be
useful if files are regularly accessed in a particular order, and
may be faster than the other options.
/R : Reverse sort
This switch works in conjunction with any of the above sorting
methods, to reverse the resulting order.
e.g. SAFEPACK C: /L /R
would arrange the files such that the shortest were sorted to the
start of the disk.
--- SAFEPACK Manual --- Page 7 ---
Individual File vs Sub-directory Based Sorting
----------------------------------------------
/F : Filesorting
The normal mode of operation of SAFEPACK is to place the files on
the disk in an order that reflects the hierarchical directory
structure, each sub-directory being sorted as if it were a file,
followed by the files it contains. This method has the advantage
of speeding access to complicated sub-directory structures, as the
disk head has to move only short distances between directories and
the files they contain. It does, however, mean that the options
above, such as placing the longest files at the start of the disk,
are not fully effective, as a long file may end up at the start of
a directory which is itself towards the end of the disk. The /F
(Filesort) switch is therefore provided to sort files on the disk
by their own characteristics, rather than by their parent
directories. Note that if this switch is used with sorting by
filename, then only the 11 characters of the basic filename &
extension are used, not the pathname. This option would probably
be of most use with the /L (length) or /A (age) options.
Sorting Optimizations
---------------------
Generally speaking, the closer a file is to the start of the disk,
the more quickly it can be accessed, and as some files are
accessed more often than others, it would make sense to place
these files towards the start of the disk. In the absence of
precise information on the frequency with which files are
accessed, three assumptions can be made:
1) Sub-directories are accessed more commonly than individual
files within a directory.
2) Executable files (.EXE & .COM), are accessed more frequently
than other files.
3) Files in sub-directories defined in the DOS PATH list, are
accessed more commonly than others.
By default, all of these assumptions are used in sorting the
files, so directories in the PATH list are placed towards the
beginning of the disk, and sub-directories are placed at the start
of the directories. These are followed by files with .EXE & .COM
extensions, followed in turn by the other files, each category
being arranged according to the main sorting mode selected.
--- SAFEPACK Manual --- Page 8 ---
These assumptions may be disabled if required as follows:
/X : Executables/Directories
If this option is set to off (/X-), then files are sorted without
any priority being given to executable files (.EXE & .COM) or
directories.
/P : Path
If set to off (/P-), then the DOS path is ignored.
Note that any sorting order for sub-directories may be selected by
altering the DOS PATH before running SAFEPACK, as it does not have
to be your normal PATH. See the DOS manual for details of how to
change the PATH. This option is automatically disabled if the
filesorting (/F) switch is used.
Directory Sorting
-----------------
/D : Directory sorting
SAFEPACK is able to sort the directory entries to reflect the
order in which files are placed on the disk, and in so doing also
'packs' the directories to eliminate space occupied by deleted
files, marginally increasing the speed at which files are
accessed. This process is quite distinct from the reorganization
of the files themselves, and though it is performed by default, it
can be disabled if required by using the switch /D-.
Immobile Files
--------------
Normally, a program accessing a disk file neither knows, nor cares
about the exact position of a file on the disk, providing that it
can be found through its directory entry. There are, however, a
few exceptions to this rule, and in these cases SAFEPACK can leave
the file untouched. Most files to be left alone are, effectively,
labelled as immobile by the programs that created them, as they
have their 'system' and 'hidden' attributes set, and SAFEPACK will
not attempt to move any files in this category. Examples of such
files include the main DOS files IBMBIO.SYS & IBMDOS.SYS (or
similar) that contain the main operating system, and 386SPART.PAR
created by Windows when making a permanent swap file.
Apart from these, other necessarily immobile files may have been
created on the disk as part of copy-protection schemes etc. The
vast majority of these will be marked as either hidden or system
--- SAFEPACK Manual --- Page 9 ---
(or normally both), and should not, therefore cause any problems,
but if any others are known, the following options will allow you
to indicate any that must remain static.
/I : Immobile files by name
An option of the form /Ifilename ensures that any files on the
disk with the name 'filename' will not be moved. Only the actual
filename, without a pathname, should be quoted, and this will
immobilize files of that name in any directory. If no extension
is given, it is assumed to be blank (i.e. 3 spaces), but
simplified wildcards are allowed, in that either the filename, or
extension may be replaced entirely by *. Thus the following
options are valid:
/IMYFILE.TXT immobilizes MYFILE.TXT
/IMYFILE.* immobilizes all files called MYFILE whatever the
extension.
/I*.SYS immobilizes all files in all directories with an
extension of SYS
/IMY*.TXT would not, however, be valid, as partial wildcards are
not allowed.
Several /I options may appear on the command line, to immobilize
different files.
/S : Static files by attribute
By default, files that are have either their hidden or system
attributes set are regarded by SAFEPACK as being immobile, but any
set of attributes may be selected as immobile using the /S option.
Note that files which are both 'hidden' AND 'system' will not be
moved, irrespective of these options.
The format is /Sx[-].., where x is one of the following:
D: Sub-directories
H: Hidden files
S: System files
R: Read-only files
A: Files with the 'Archive' bit set
Examples:
/SD immobilizes all sub-directories
/SH- /SR allows hidden files to be moved, but immobilizes all
read-only files
--- SAFEPACK Manual --- Page 10 ---
The above mechanisms should cope well with most varieties of copy
protection schemes, but in the event of problems with a
particularly badly behaved program, it should be possible, as a
last resort, to de-install the program before defragmentation,
then re-install it after.
Running from the Command Line Only
----------------------------------
/Y : User Confirmation On/Off
If this option is on, as it is by default, then a screen appears
before the defragmentation starts, asking the user to press Y to
confirm the drive and options selected, and a key-press is also
required at the end of the program. If this option is disabled,
using /Y-, then no user input is required during the run, making
the program suitable for running in a batch file, and in this
manner, a number of drives may be defragmented with a single
command. If this option is used, any errors cause immediate
termination of the program, rather than prompting for Retry/Abort,
as would be the normal practice. Those using SAFEPACK in a batch
files may find the following exit codes useful, as they can be
tested using the errorlevel function:
0 : Normal completion
1 : Terminated by user interrupt
2 : Terminated due to an error
Miscellaneous Options
---------------------
/Q : Quick pack
The normal mode of operation of SAFEPACK is to move all files,
irrespective of their current positions, to positions based on the
sorting order as defined by the above options. This method not
only ensures optimal arrangement of the files, but also ensures
that all the free space is contiguous, as is advisable before
creating swap files. The /Q switch, however, invokes a quicker
method whereby only those files that are currently fragmented are
moved. It is suggested that the /Q switch should not be used for
the initial packing of a disk, but should be used for most
subsequent defragmentation, a complete reorganization, without the
/Q switch being performed every few months.
/B : Bypass Multitasking Checks
Before starting to defragment a disk, SAFEPACK checks to see
whether it is being used from within a multi-tasking environment
--- SAFEPACK Manual --- Page 11 ---
such as Windows, MS DOS 5 taskswitcher, or DR DOS TaskMAX, as
these could be unsafe for defragmentation. Later versions of
FASTOPEN are also detected. SAFEPACK will normally refuse to
proceed if one of these environments is identified, but for those
users who know what they are doing, this option is provided to
bypass such checks, and to carry on anyway. Note that some system
software provides its own protection against such risky procedures
and may refuse to let SAFEPACK write to the system areas of the
disk, even if this option is used.
This option is not for the novice - you have been warned!
/V : Verify
DOS has an option to verify all disk writes, by reading back the
data after it has been written. This procedure increases data
security at the expense of speed, and is normally controlled by
the DOS VERIFY command. By default, SAFEPACK leaves the verify
switch unaltered, but verification can be selected independently
for SAFEPACK with the this option, /V turning verification on, and
/V- turning it off. In either case, SAFEPACK returns DOS to its
original status at the end of the program.
Registration & Support
======================
SAFEPACK is released as shareware, enabling you not only to try
the program out before paying for it, but also then to acquire the
right to use it at low cost (9 pounds), as the author is spared
the expensive overheads of advertising, retail distribution etc.
This means that you are welcome to evaluate the program by trying
it out on your machine, and may distribute copies of the original
compressed file to others, but if you find the program of use,
then you are required to register by paying the appropriate fee.
In addition to acquisition of the legal right to use the program,
those who register will also receive:
1) A copy of a registered version of the program. If an updated
version has been produced since your shareware version, then
this will be sent. If, however, you already have the latest
copy, you may choose whether you wish to receive a registered
copy of the current version, or whether to wait for the next
update. If you choose to wait, you will be sent, in the
meantime, details of how to convert your shareware version to
a registered copy, thereby replacing the message about
shareware with your own name.
--- SAFEPACK Manual --- Page 12 ---
2) Support, via any of the methods of contact given below, for
two years from the date of registration. During this time I
will be happy to provide guidance on the use of the program,
and discuss any problems that users may have. In the
unlikely event of a problem being found in the program which
could have consequences for data security, all registered
users would be informed as soon as possible.
Payment
-------
The registration fee for a single copy of SAFEPACK is 9 pounds
Sterling, inclusive of post & packing.
Site licences are available - please contact the author for
details.
Payment can be accepted in any of the following forms:
1) Credit/Charge Cards
This is probably by far the easiest way for most people to
pay, especially those outside the UK, as any card with the
Visa or Mastercard symbols is accepted, irrespective of your
currency. Any necessary currency conversions are performed
by the credit card companies, so you pay in your own
currency. Nine pounds is equivalent to about US$15.50 at
current rates.
To pay by this method, either print and fill in the file
CCARD.DOC, and post to the address below, or fill in the form
on your word processor, and send it via Email.
2) Sterling Cheque
This may be either a standard UK cheque, a Eurocheque,
Sterling international postal order or a bank draft drawn on
a British bank, and should be payable to D J Harvey Software.
To register by this method, print out and fill-in the file
CHEQUE.DOC, then send, accompanied by your cheque, to the
address below.
If neither of the above methods is possible, then cheques in
foreign currency can be accepted, but they cost about ten pounds
to process, so allowance must be made for this in your
calculations.
--- SAFEPACK Manual --- Page 13 ---
Registrations and enquiries may be sent either by standard mail,
or Email as follows:
Mail: D J Harvey Software,
PO Box 14,
Cardiff. CF4 6XW
U.K.
Compuserve: 100031,627
Internet: 100031.627@COMPUSERVE.COM
Disclaimer - Agreement
======================
Users of SAFEPACK must accept this disclaimer of warranty:
"SAFEPACK is supplied as is. The author disclaims all warranties,
expressed or implied, including, without limitation, any
warranties of merchantability and/or fitness for any purpose. The
author assumes no liability for damages, direct or consequential,
which may result from the use of SAFEPACK."
SAFEPACK is a "shareware program" and is provided at no charge to
the user for evaluation. Feel free to share it with your friends,
but please do not give it away altered or as part of another
system. The essence of "user-supported" software is to provide
personal computer users with quality software without high prices,
and yet to provide incentive for programmers to continue to
develop new products. If you find this program useful and
continue to use SAFEPACK after a reasonable trial period, you must
make a registration payment of nine pounds Sterling to the author.
The nine pound registration fee will license one copy for use on
any one computer at any one time. You must treat this software
just like a book. An example is that this software may be used by
any number of people and may be freely moved from one computer
location to another, so long as there is no possibility of it
being used at one location while it's being used at another, just
as a book cannot be read by two different persons at the same
time. Commercial users of SAFEPACK must register and pay for
their copies of SAFEPACK within 30 days of first use or their
license is withdrawn. Site-License arrangements may be made by
contacting the author.
Anyone distributing SAFEPACK for any kind of remuneration must
comply with the requirements set out in the file VENDOR.DOC
accompanying this program.
All the registered trademarks used herein are registered to
whoever it is that owns them. This notification is given in lieu
of any specific list of trademarks and their owners.
--- SAFEPACK Manual --- Page 14 ---
D J Harvey is a member of the Association of Shareware
Professionals (ASP). ASP wants to make sure that the shareware
principle works for you. If you are unable to resolve a
shareware-related problem with an ASP member by contacting the
member directly, ASP may be able to help. The ASP Ombudsman can
help you resolve a dispute or problem with an ASP member, but does
not provide technical support for members' products. Please write
to the ASP Ombudsman at 545 Grover Road, Muskegon, MI 49442 or
send a CompuServe message via CompuServe Mail to ASP Ombudsman
70007,3536.
_______
____|__ | (R)
--| | |-------------------
| ____|__ | Association of
| | |_| Shareware
|__| o | Professionals
-----| | |---------------------
|___|___| MEMBER
--- SAFEPACK Manual --- Page 15 ---
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║ │ Shareware und Public-Domain Software der Spitzenklasse │ ║
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║ Die Computer Solutions Sharewarebibliothek ist eine der bestgepflegtesten ║
║ Softwaresammlungen weltweit. Die Programme werden sorgfältig getestet und ║
║ ausgewählt. Falls Sie noch nicht Kunde sind, sollten Sie Informations- ║
║ material anfordern! ║
║ ║
║ Diese Diskette ist urheberrechtlich geschützt und nur echt mit dem original ║
║ Computer Solutions Logo. Vorsicht Virengefahr bei Raubkopien! ║
║ Bitte beachten Sie die Lizenzbestimmungen. ║
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║ AUTOREN:Ihre Programme sind bei der CSL in guten Händen. Schreiben Sie uns! ║
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║Seien Sie fair und unterstützen Sie Sharewareautoren durch Ihre Registration!║
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